The emergence of cable TV in Indonesia began in 1997 when
Indovision’s satellite, IndoStar 1, launched. Since then, many companies
followed Indovision’s success to launch other cable TV service, such as
FirstMedia, TelkomVision, Top TV, Yes TV, and so on. In fact, all these
companies provide almost the same channels in different categories, like HBO
and Fox Movies Premium (movies), ESPN (sports), StarWorld, MTV Asia, and TLC
(entertainment), Disney Channel (kids’ programs), and NatGeo (education).
The evolving of cable TV in Indonesia creates some dynamics.
Indonesians previously mostly were exposed to local channels which only showed
local shows. Some of them might have imported several abroad shows, but not as
much as cable TV did. All of the programs on cable TV are imported from various
countries, such as USA, UK, South Korea, Japan, and Australia. Through cable
TV, Indonesians are gradually more aware to global issues, education, and also
entertainment.
However, if we take a look to a statistic, the total
household which has television in Indonesia was 40 million in 2005. The total
number of potential customers for cable TV was only 30% from them. Indeed, the number is gradually increasing as
the time goes by. If we take a look to the statistic regarding this cable TV
customers, we can infer that the global influences to Indonesian viewers are
not as much as the local influences. It can be partially true. However, we also
have to consider the strength of other media, such as internet which brings
seem-more complicated global influences than the cable TV does. Related to the
entertainment, StarWorld seems to be the most popular channel, especially among
young audience, as it shows various latest TV series, such as dramas and
sitcoms. TV series, despite its entertainment purpose, bring dynamics in terms
of social class and copyright issues among young audience in Indonesia.
As not every household has cable TV, internet becomes the
prime source of accessing abroad TV series. Those who do not have cable TV in their
home can still consume and watch them through the internet. It shows that even
people who do not have cable TV still can follow the trends through the
internet. One of the examples is the easinees of watching or downloading How I
Met Your Mother series. This series is aired on StarWorld. However, because it
is also provided on the internet, people who do not have access to cable TV
still can enjoy it. Moreover, today, internet is not a source that is hard and
expensive to use. Even people who do not have its access at home still can use
it from the warnet, for example.
Another example is today’s most popular Korean show titled
Running Man. It even is not aired in any TV channels both in local or cable TV
in Indonesia. However, its popularity is spread massively among young
Indonesians. They watch it by online from the internet, downloading it, or even
getting the soft copy from friend’s harddisk. In the end, it bounds people from
any social classes. The abroad TV series are not only enjoyed by upper-middle
class people anymore, but also from other social classes, too.
Besides its easiness, consuming TV series from the internet
is basically free. Unlike cable TV, people do not have to pay some amount of
money to watch and download from the internet. It seems simple and easy, but it
actually leads to one major problem; copyright. Since most of the sources are
not legal, the free-accessed series that are provided on the internet mostly
violate copyright issue.
Since the potential number of cable TV customers in
Indonesia is around 30% from the total TV population, we can simply infer that
only 30% from them can afford to pay it. In consequence, in order to be
up-to-date, they search through another source that is much affordable;
internet. Nevertheless, we also cannot directly conclude without considering
other aspects, too. Those who do not have cable TV in their home perhaps simply
do not want to be exposed to ‘Westernization’ or they have been satisfied
enough with local programs. However, in this essay, I intentionally do not
highlight these aspects. I simply want to highlight the dynamics between those
who can and cannot afford the cable TV.
Regarding to the copyright issue, its regulation in
Indonesia is not as strict as other countries, such as the USA. Since early
2012, the USA govenment has blocked several file-hosting websites, such as
Megaupload (megaupload.com) and deleted all the files that violate copyright.
In Indonesia, people still can access them, even though some of them also have
been deleted or blocked. However, the opportunity is still huge to access them
since they are open and free for anyone.
This copyright issue always becomes multi-layered issue and
problem. Since it is related to the economic status and government regulation,
it is hard to break the vicious cycle. If they have to watch the legal ones,
the cable TV is not affordable for some people. Buying the original DVDs also
needs some huge amount of money. In the end, internet is the only shortcut.
They still can enjoy and access the same series without have to spend much
money.
As the series are released every week, young people are
demanded to be up-to-date. However, the cable TV usually airs the shows few
weeks or a month later after its original airing in its original country. Again,
the internet provides the series faster than the cable TV. Even Indowebster
(indowebster.web.id) provides the copy of the shows a day after its original
airing. In consequence, the young people, even those who have cable TV at their
home, prefer to download from the internet rather than waiting them to be aired
on the TV. Internet seems to be better place for consuming TV series as it is
free, faster, and easier rather than the cable TV. It reveals a new fact that
not only those who come from lower-middle social class who do this, but also
those who actually able to pay monthly payment for cable TV.
In the end, the internet always be the ‘alternative’ source
to find such things like TV series in an easier and free way. In fact, it does
not only happen to those who cannot afford cable TV, but also for those who
can. Despite its violation to copyright issue, we cannot simply forget that the
internet also bounds people from any social classes to consume the
previously-expensive-and-exclusive TV series into an entertainment that can be
enjoyed by everyone.
Reference
“Perkembangan Industri TV Berbayar di Tengah Persaingan
Ketat.” Datacon.co.id 23 Dec 2012. <http://www.datacon.co.
id/Internet2008Ind%20TVcable.html>
Written as Critical Study of Popular Culture final assignment.